Why Electric Bikes Struggle to Gain Ground in Africa

Electric bikes could transform mobility in Africa. Yet their adoption remains limited in most countries on the continent. A survey conducted among experts in eight African countries reveals the major obstacles hindering their development.

The lack of secure cycling infrastructure tops the list of difficulties. Without dedicated bike lanes or suitable parking, users feel exposed to accidents and theft. This lack of safety reinforces the idea that cycling remains an unreliable or impoverished means of transport. However, this negative perception discourages both individuals and businesses from considering electric bikes as a credible alternative to motorized two-wheelers.

Another significant barrier is the absence of supportive public policies. In most of the countries studied, electric bikes receive no financial assistance or tax incentives, unlike electric cars or motorcycles. This exclusion makes their purchase price prohibitive for many, especially when it matches that of an entry-level thermal motorcycle. Yet, their long-term operating costs remain much lower due to reduced energy expenses.

The high upfront cost is also considered one of the main obstacles. Even though local models are designed to withstand rough roads and carry heavy loads, their initial cost remains a barrier. Adapted financing solutions, such as credit or leasing with an option to buy, are still rare and difficult to access, particularly for delivery workers or small entrepreneurs.

Finally, the lack of awareness about the benefits of electric bikes worsens the situation. Many people are unaware of their existence or their advantages, such as ease of use and reduced environmental impact. Information campaigns are lacking, and prejudices about cycling persist, especially among men for whom motorcycles often symbolize social status and power.

These challenges are all the more complex because they feed off each other. The lack of bike lanes discourages investment in this sector, which keeps prices high and limits the visibility of these vehicles. Conversely, better integration into mobility policies, adapted infrastructure, and awareness campaigns could change the game.

Electric bikes nevertheless represent an opportunity to reduce pollution, traffic congestion, and transportation costs. Their success will depend on the ability of governments, businesses, and associations to work together to overcome these barriers and change mindsets.

Website References

Scientific Reference

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-026-00121-9

Title: Barriers to scaling up electric bicycles in eight African countries: infrastructure, policy, cost, and perception

Journal: Sustainable Earth Reviews

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Authors: Emilie Martin; Vera-Marie Andrieu; Rumbi Ebbefeld; Paschal Giki; Edna Mercy Manyasa; Chris Kost